SectionI Useof English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studieshave __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of somediseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditionsfor which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women areless likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among theelderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be verydifficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided intomoderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably lessa matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in factextremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, manycollegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though theirpercentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may havehigh body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweightare sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ withobesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harborbiases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on theoverweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulateda number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinksfrom its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitnessinitiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhoodobesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national securitythreat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient[D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D]straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without3 R9E! u0 M& F; R)y' a1 X! g
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m? Thisis now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recentlyemerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggestundivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune willyield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Moneyby Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an arrayof behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money canbe counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancycars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchaseswears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regretcreeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and MrNorton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed withtips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be betteroff if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friendsand family and less of it watching television (something the average Americanspends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buyinggifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things foroneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. Thisis apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popularMcRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney”are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money maynot quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generallyhappier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spendingmoney on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, andscarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyonewill agree with the authors’policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing taxincentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from thisbook believing it was money well spent.
21. According to Dumn andNorton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25.This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
An article in Scientific Americahas pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have adeep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a numberof self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusorysuperiority”, and shown that, for example, 70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% atgetting on well with others—allobviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and putourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalkaround thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientistNicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he askedthem to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that hadbeen altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads thestudy, is “an automatic psychological processoccurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciousdeliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose afalsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was reallyhow they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Norwas there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, theparticipants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) weredoing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought thatthe images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly correspondedwith those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’tthink the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generallythinking well of themselves’.If you are depressed, you won’tbe self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘sstudy,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselvesViscerally-on one level, they don’teven recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,isa self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can shareonly the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty,intellect and lifestyle it’snot that people’s profiles are dishonest,sayscatalina toma of Wiscon—Madisonuniversity ,”but they portray an idealizedversion of themselves.
26. According to the firstparagraph, social psychologist have found that ______.
[A] our self-ratings areunrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority isbaseless effect
[C] our need for leadership isunnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies areineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive response
[D] automatic self-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tendedto______
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaningto_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradisebecausepeople can _____.
[A]present their dishonest profiles
[B]define their traditional life styles
[C]share their intellectual pursuits
[D]withhold their unflattering sides
Text 3
Crying is hardly an activityencouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically makeAmericans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely toapologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的)tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everythingpossible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recentstudies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemicalcomposition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate andmay even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animalsdefinitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise tofew, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume thatcrying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers havesuggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a cryingbaby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to gethelp. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gainattention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tearsthemselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggestthat emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, Universityof Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tearshave recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Bothchemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tearsshed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several otherinstitutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosinghuman ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl andhis colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposureto medication(药物), to determine whether a contactlens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye”syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposureto environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University Dt.LiasyFaris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseasesaway from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the bodyand only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
31. It is known from the firstparagraph that ________.
A) shedding tears gives unpleasantfeelings to American
B) crying may often imitate peopleor even result in tragedy
C) crying usually wins sympathyfrom other people
D) one who sheds tears in publicwill be blamed
32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?
A) Crying out of sorrow andshedding tears for happiness.
B) The embarrassment andunpleasant sensation of the observers.
C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.
D) Linking illness with crying andfinding the chemical composition of tears.
33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “________”.
A) having no effect at all
B) leading to tension
C) producing disastrous impact
D) harmful to health
34. What does the author say aboutcrying?
A) It is a pointless physiologicalresponse to the environment.
B) It must have a role to play inman’s survival.
C) It is meant to get attentionand assistance.
D) It usually produces the desiredeffect.
35. What can be inferred from thenew studies of tears?
A) Emotional tears have thefunction of reducing stress.
B) Exposure to excessivemedication may increase emotional tears.
C) Emotional tears can give riseto “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.
D) Environmental pollutants caninduce the shedding of emotional tears.
Text 4
When the government talks aboutinfrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent thehousing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicatingthe real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there isthe scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attentionamong multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that theattention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is thatthe issue has always been so politically charged.
Nevertheless, the affordablehousing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we aresimply not building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending reviewoffers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to puthistorical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgenthousing need.
There are some indications that itis preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hintedthat George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce moreflexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrowagainst their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homescould be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDPby 0.6%.
Ministers should also look atcreating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have asignificant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund newdevelopments from revenues.
But it is not just down to thegovernment. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we mustface up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund newaffordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyondthen. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large partof the coalition’s spending plans if returns topower. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to everreturn to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changingclimate.
36. The author believes that thehousing sector__
[A] has attracted much attention
[B] involves certain politicalfactors
[C] shoulders too muchresponsibility
[D] has lost its real value ineconomy
37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__
[A] increased its home supply
[B] offered spending opportunities
[C] suffered government biases
[D] disappointed the government
38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.
[A] allow greater government debt for housing
[B] stop local authorities from building homes
[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt
[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environmentwould_______.
[A]lower the costs of registered providers
[B]lessen the impact of government interference
[C]contribute to funding new developments
[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40.The author believes that after 2015,the governmentmay______.
[A]implement more policies to support housing
[B]review the need for large-scale public grants
[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme
[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector% ]/H0 e! `) Z"O& c3 ~
! Y9K# C# C6 e8 P) [) `( h( G
* y.t8 p. n+ A
Section IIITranslation
Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with aglass that’sperpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind offalse deerfulness thatpositive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.“Healthy optimists means being intouch with reality.” says TalBen-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben-Shalar,realisticoptimists are these who make the best of things that happen,butnot those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feelsdown-sag, aftergiving a bad lecture-he grants himself permissionto be human. He remindshimself that mot every lecture can be aNobel winner; some will be lesseffective than others. Next isreconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture,leaning lessons, forthe future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally,there isperspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground schemeoflife, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
[page]
1 s1F- ^ c3^1 ]- u; X. L! T& A" w3 z"c
5 d5D/ n/ u# V
Section IVWriting
Part A
47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and shareanapartment with John, a local student. Write him to emailto
1)tell him about your living habits, and
2)ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.
Do not use your own name.
Part B
48. Directions:
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
You should
interpret the chart, and
give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)
2014年考研英语二答案解析
Section I Use ofEnglish
1、【答案】Bconcluded! j$F( d; f0 `& E# c! x( I1 ^7 ^
【解析】 题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事 实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。,O* c) g& h1 b2 C# [1 \( L
2、protective( Z-b3 @' L$ n+ |9 H/ P# E/ R
【解析】 题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。/n)E p3 _! C/ c5 t
3、likewise&f6 S c$ j; F8 G
【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词 语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样 地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。,S/ q U! T! b* Q3 s% Q% ?0 O
4、indicator
【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选 项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。
5、concern- S7i$ _4 s2 F$ D$ P- u
【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关 注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。
6、 interms of) E0p ^0W" B) D# S% z, A9 y
【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。A、in termsof ，根据……，就……而言。B、In caseof表示在某种情况下， C、in favorof 表示赞成，以……来取代，D、inrespectof，关于……。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。
7、equals
【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal符合题 意。Ameasure(测量)、Bdetermine表示确定;Dmodify(修订)。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。
8、 inturn
【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、inessence(事实上、实际上);B、incontrast (相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、in part(部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。0w9 ^"t2 s9 X8 E
9、straightforward. m0~7 x4 ]3 ]6 R
【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_____，实际上不是的。A、complicated(复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指 的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般 是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。.P, ]' U) J% G+ @1 D5 ~7 e3 n
10、【答案】Bwhile2 a*L# m' n" `( ?" y% w
【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_____其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能_____。从前半句我们可以看出，有些人 的BMI指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里说明的是反常的现象，后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低，而_____较差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确 答案为B。+}$ X5 s:|. O2 K9 [
11、shape* {1~& C4 q" E6 ]& p) V- L
【解析】本题可以简化为：Some… are fit, while others … may bein poor .不难看出，前后意义相反，且fit(体型健康)与inpoor 对应，与之最相关是Ashape(外形)，故为正确答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比较远，可以排除。
12、【答案】Bqualify
【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员 是肥胖的，"开始"不符;"处在"也不符合句意;"退休"内容无关;"被认为"符合句意，正确。7m- P2 i$ A! @
13、normal
【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI却 。所需词汇明显是正向的，排除A、B;D属中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，为正确答案。(L5 f0 g5 f9 F4 U- m' N. I$ k* D
14、tendency
【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：tostigmatizeobesity(抵毁肥胖)，作为划线部分的后置定语，将四个选项"选择""理由""机会""倾向"代入划线处，最符合句意的是D(倾向)。后面一句也进 一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的)。9l3 {) E8b9 `5 a" {
15、pictured,L& P9 ~) @* I
【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关系的词汇只有Cpicture 意思为刻画，描写，描述。%m- w/ l9 y6 [
16、associated,t p9 u C2 F! l! P
【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_____的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功的期望 值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现，分析四个选项，A. 与。。。相比;B 与。。。相结合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合题意，只有D与。。。相联系，相关符合句意。
17、even' ~$a) t& |: @1 I$ X& d' ~- L8 q
【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词，根据语境记忆常识，此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有Aeven 即使符合题意。$q* U i1 f8t
18、grounded
【解析】根据语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的关注，
激发一批反肥胖的____。本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词汇，只有选项Dgrounded,意思是基于。
19、policies
【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，比如 hospitalsystem ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题，浏览四个选项，D选项policies 符合题意，直接入选。(X- M1 B.m# s
20、【答案】Bagainst
【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用来支持这个主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的_____儿童 肥胖，甚至告诉奥兹博士，它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对，反抗的意思，纵观四个选项，只有Bagainst 符合题意。
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Section II ReadingComprehension
PartA: f1q6 G$a N2 f
Text1% N+P7 k4 Q( s( x, `0k' {
21、 Aspecial tour"^4b& V8 G% m9 E% k6 b! L
【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的"itisfar better to spend money on experiences…like interestingtrips…"，意思是"花钱消费在经历方面更好……，比如说有趣的旅行……"，由此可以得知答案是B选项"一场特别的旅行"。
22、critical
【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverage American spends a whopping two months a year doing, andis hardlyjollier for it"，意思是"普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快"，因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项"批判的"。)P1 |$ u)t* k; G W
23、rarity generally increases pleasure&I% _. z) k1p `# A$ }" J/ f2 f" @
【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到McRib这个例子，用这个例子证明的论点是"luxuriesare most enjoyable when they are consumedsparingly"，大意是"有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦"，D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。.X. |5 \$ C- a) n$ i" r
24、 mayprove to be a worthwhile purchase
【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewill come away from this book believing it was money wellspent"，大意是"大多数人看完这本书后，认为物有所值"，因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。 @"z# w$ a8 I+ u0 w7 Y
25、balance feeling good and spending money
【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知，全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系，因此答案定位在A选项。
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26、 ourself-ratings are unrealisticallyhigh4 C#G m0 M( u" p8 A( |' e O- a
【解析】题目问 "根据第一段，社会心理学家发现了什么?"对应于文章第一 段第三句"社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻的优越感’进行大量的研究，发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上……—这些数 据明显都是不可能的。"由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。故答案为[A]ourself-ratings are unrealistically high。
27、intuitive response
【解析】题目问"视觉识别被认为是人们的什么?"对应于文章第三段第三句"视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这个过程依靠直觉快速发生，且并不是故意的。"由此可知，视觉识别被认为是人们的直觉反应。故答案为[C]intuitive response。
28、【答案】Bbelieve in their attractiveness
【解析】题目问"Epley发现有更高自尊的人倾向于怎样"。对应到第四段，第二句讲到"没有证据显示那些自我提升最多的人这样做是为了掩饰自 己的不安全，接着讲到：事实上，那些认为自己的形象高于吸引力标准的人就是那些表现出更高自尊的人，故答案为[B]believe in their attractiveness。
29、【答案】[A]instinctively% x,q5 U; ^+ J5 k: P6 B5 t
【解析】题目问"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。对应到第五段，viscerally所在句讲到"许多人讨厌照片中的自己，从某种 层面上说，他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自己。"而下文又讲到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人们可以分享最满意的的照片。"由此可 知，viscerally在本句中是"本质上地"意思，故答案为[A]instinctively。
30、【答案】[D]withholdtheir unflattering sides
【解析】题干问"我们可以推理出脸书(facebook)之所以是一个自我拔高者的天堂，是因为人们可以做什么?"对应于文章最后一段的第二 句，该句讲到"在脸书(facebook)中，人们可以分享最满意的照片。"下文接着讲到"不是人们不诚实，而是人们展示了自己最理想的形象。"故答案为 [D]withholdtheirunflattering sides。
Text4 I1u;I" `" i8 X
36、【答案】[B]involves certain political factors
【解析】 根据本题题干中的关键词housingsector可以对应到文章的第二段， 中间说的很多，我们注意到最后有but出现，最后应该是作者真正想要表达的观点，另外这里用了themost significant 最高级，所以最后这个是最重要的一个原因，politicallycharged和选项B的politicalfactors有对应关系，故选Binvolves certain political factors。
A项的吸引注意没有提及，C项的承担太多责任，原文说的shoulderthe blame，D项说的丧失价值，原文说的是不善于表明真正价值，两者不一致，故排除。8L: z2 ]: y/ a; A, V/R0 x8 \
37、【答案】[C]suffered government biases* w5Q' a' T) O& P# v2 v' C9 F
【解析】经济适用房曾受到政府的偏见。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句话Itneeds to put historical prejudices to one side and take some stepstoaddress our urgent housing need. 政府需要把历史的偏见放在一边并且采取一些策略解决我们迫切的住房需求。Suffered 是过去式，是对于原文history 的同义反复，biases 是对原文prejudices的同义反复。/\+ ?. |$M+ t7 `' [
38、【答案】[A]allow greater government debt for housing7 |$V& f1 ^2 Q% x/U3 ]
【解析】根据人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知，此人将会让当地政府用来偿还建房借贷的限额变得更加宽松，并且在借贷限额放宽的情况下，将会另有60,000所房屋在未来的五年 中建立，并由此拉动国内生产总值的百分之零点六。因此A(允许更大的政府的建房借贷)是正确的，而B(禁止当地政府建房)，C(准备减少建房借 贷)，D(发布国内生产总值增长的预报)都与原文意思不符。(P6 U- R$ ^/ s: r
39、【答案】[C]contribute to funding new developments
【解析】推断题。根据文章题干定位到第五段，题干考察的是对稳定的租赁环境的理解。A项的意思是"减少注册供应者的成本"，其中"成本一词"并 未在文中出现，属于无中生有。B项的意思是"减少政府接介入的影响"，其中"政府介入"并未在文中出现，属于无中生有。B项的意思是"有助于为新发展提供 资金支持"，其中"为新发展提供资金支持"对应文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C选项中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)对英文中的havea significant impact(意思是有重要影响)，符合正解的同义复现原则，所以是正确选项。7Q6 |* m: X, a4 [
40、【答案】[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector
【解析】推断题。根据题干定位到最后一段第三行。考察的是2015年以后政府的可能性动作。A项的意思是"推行更多的政策来支持住房"与原文意 义相反。B项的意思是重新审视大规模公共拨款的需求，与原文倒数第二段意义相违背。C项的意思是更新可负担的住房拨款项目并没有提到renew一词。D项 的意思是停止对住房部门的大额资助，与原文的倒数第二句相匹配，故为正确选项。
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Section IIITranslation' q4Y5 H* H9 M"S! I
46、)h4 |9 U; d( g2 u* C/M
【参考译文】+c' T3 x2 f$ G4 s! G* d$ \
大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。哈佛大学的TalBen-Shahar教授说，"健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中。"在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。
Ben-Shahar 会使用三种乐观的方法。比如说，当他因搞砸了一场演讲而倍感郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总 会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人。接着为改进。他分析了一些效果不好的演讲并且从那些起效和无效的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后是看待问题的角度，即 在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲真的无足轻重。)o"f& M, E6 d) Z
Section IV Writing
PartA
47.Directions:7 i/M8 T; P& I$t" ^
Supposeyou are going to study abroad andshare an apartment with John, alocal student, write him an email to
1) tellhim about your living habits, and+ l5}&A! P4 R5 ]
2) askfor advice about living there
DearJohn,
I am LiMing, your future roommate and a newarrival from China who iscoming over here for further education. I am writingthis letter tolet you know about me and ask for some suggestions for myfuturelife in America.2 `.M; [" U% R
First, Iam a quiet person so that yourkeeping silent would be highlyappreciated. Second, I like cooking and I wonderwhether it is okayto you that I cook Chinese dish at home, because thepreparationfor Chinese cuisine may produce much smoke. Third, I want to buyacar but I know nothing about traffic rules in America. Would youplease give mea lesson about traffic laws inUS.-[$ g6 d# T1 g* {$ l
Wish youreply soon.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
PartB
48.Directions:" d+_: h* j( \%u4 W$ A
Directions:8F# Q/ K8 i: ^) b6 R
Write anessay based on the following chart.In your essay, youshould
1)interpret the chart, and
2) giveyour comments.
Youshould write about 150 words on theANSWER SHEET. (15points)
As thebar graph indicates, both city andrural area witnessed adistinguished phenomenon in population fluctuation.Indeed,population in city increased at a breakneck speed and surpassedthat ofrural area during the period from 1990 to 2010 whilepopulation in rural regionslightly decreased down to a scale whichwas close to that of city.$ r3W6 G%y! O y8 Q5 d2 c7 X2 i
Whataccounts for this disparity? The answerinvolves two factors. Thefirst contributing factor is the substantially fastdevelopingsteps of cities in China. No one can deny that since Chineseeconomicreform from 1980s which mostly benefits people in city.The second reason isthat Chinese farmers enjoy the harvest fromnew policies that are established tobenefit farmers. People inrural areas are allowed to migrate for work andresidence by the law and an increasing number of farmers choose to work in cityandbecome migrant workers just because they would make much more money thanever before in city. All these are the result of urbanization.+ R!p6 B1^8 |3 o; n2 T
Based on the analyses above, we can safelydraw the conclusion that the process of urbanization will continue in the yearsahead, and every single Chinese benefits from the fast development of China.
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