Directions:
Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Inour contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even lookingat—a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by theway they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.
It’sa sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—becausethere’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But youwouldn’t know it，3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don’tapproach me.”
Whatis it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
Oneanswer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fearrejection，or that our innocent socialadvances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear we’ll be 7 .We fear we’ll be disruptive.
Strangersare inherently 8 to us，sowe are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with ourfriends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”
Butonce we rip off the bandaid，tuckour smartphones in our pockets and look up，itdoesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioralscientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “WhenDr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Timessummarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, afterthey 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported having beenembarrassed.”
18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those withoutcommunication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of socialconnections. It’s that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1.A. ticket B. permit C.signal D. record
2.A. nothing B. little C.another D. much
3.A. beaten B. guided C.plugged D. brought
4.A. message B. code C.notice D. sign
5.A. under B. beyond C. behind D. from
6.A. misinterpreted B. misapplied C. misadjusted D. mismatched
7.A. fired B. judged C. replaced D. delayed
8.A. unreasonable B. ungrateful C. unconventional D. unfamiliar
9.A. comfortable B. anxious C. confident D. angry
10.A. attend B. point C. take D. turn
11.A. dangerous B. mysterious C. violent D. boring
12.A. hurt B. resist C. bend D. decay
13.A. lecture B. conversation C. debate D. negotiation
14.A. trainees B. employees C. researchers D. passengers
15.A. reveal B. choose C. predict D. design
16.A. voyage B. flight C. walk D. ride
17.A. went through B. did away C. caught up D. put up
18.A. In turn B. In particular C.In fact D. In consequence
19.A. unless B. since C. if D. whereas
20.A. funny B. simple C. logical D. rare
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthe following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by chosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text1
Anew study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually morestressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which isa stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and foundit higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Furthercontradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men havelower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damaske. In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “It ismen, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Anothersurprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children andwithout, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside thehome have better health.
Whatthe study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ reat home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. Formany men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stayhome, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside thehome, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurringof roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace inmaking adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are morestressed at home.
Butit’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’resupposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do inorder to draw an income. The bargain is very pure. Employee puts in hours ofphysical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
Onthe home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household inwhich the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. Thereare a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; theyneed to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with completeremoval of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire yourfamily. You never really get to go home from home.
Soit’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are thetasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home____.
A.was an unrealistic place for relaxation B. generated more stress than theworkplace
C.was an ideal place for stress measurement D.offered greater relaxation than theworkplace
22.According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
A.Working mothers. B. Childless husbands.
C.Childless wives. D. Working fathers.
23.The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____.
A.they are both bread winners and housewives
B.their home is also a place for kicking back
C.there is often much housework left behind
D.it is difficult for them to leave their office
24.The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means____.
A.energy B. skills C. earnings D. nutrition
25.The home front differs from the workplace in that____.
A.home is hardly a cozier working environment
B.division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
C.household tasks are generally more motivating
D.family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text2
Foryears, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who donot have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout ratesare higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically ifthey succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed fordecades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in thatrecruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather thanclose” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressingbeginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
Butthe article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solutionto this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measuredby such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
Theauthors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings arebased on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at anunnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduateswith financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the studentswith at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Theirthesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was basedon the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potentialbut in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face mostcollege students. They cite past research by several authors to show that thisis the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Manyfirst-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture ofhigher education，learnthe ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the classadvantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because UScolleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affectstudents’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack insightabout why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’can improve.”
26.Recruiting more first-generation students has____.
A.reduced their dropout rates B. narrowed the achievement gap
C.missed its original purpose D. depressed college students
27.The authors of the research article are optimistic because____.
A.the problem is solvable B. their approach is costless
C.the recruiting rate has increased D. their finding appeal to students
28.The study suggests that most first-generation students____.
A.study at private universities B. are from single-parent families
C.are in need of financial support D. have failed their college
29.The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students____.
A.are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
B.can have a potential influence on other students
C.may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
D.are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30.We may infer from the last paragraph that____.
A.universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
B.students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C.social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text3
Evenin traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten muchmore emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” saidHarvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning offexamples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, wewould see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. Therewere goals，there were strategies, there wereobjectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”
Koehnpointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—andnot by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporateAmerica, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the ideathat I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There arelots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselvesas coaches and this is their team and they want to win”.
Theseterms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out，increaseallegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology thathistorically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religiousorganizations：Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,” said Khurana.
Thisnew focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amidincreasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990sare still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t haveit all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In，whosetitle has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline,life-hack，bandwidth, and capacity are allabout setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work isyour “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if thatmeans going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.
Butthis seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, butmanagers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorbit. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the sametime that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent toyour life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relateto your work—and how your work defines who you are.
31.According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become____.
A.more emotional B. more objective C. less strategic D. less energetic
32.“team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to____.
A.historical incidents B. gender difference C. sports culture D. athleticexecutives
33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to____.
A.revive historical terms B. promote company image
C.foster corporate cooperation D. strengthen employee loyalty
34.It can be inferred that Lean In____.
A.voices for working women B. appeals to passionate workaholics
C.triggers debates among mommies D. praises motivated employees
35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
A.Managers admire it but avoid it.
B.Linguists believe it to be nonsense.
C.Companies find it to be fundamental.
D.Regular people mock it but accept it.
Text4
Manypeople talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. Andthey were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decentpace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but atleast we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year agolevel.
Beforeexplaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an importantdistinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase ininvoluntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and itmeans that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
Therewas an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction hasbeen down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before therecession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.
Weknow the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employmentbecause people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people ifthey worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,”they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether theyworked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less thanfull time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntarypart-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35hours a week.
Theissue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the mainpurposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople, especially those with serious health conditions or family members withserious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance wasthrough a job that provided health insurance.
However,Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurancethrough Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously havefelt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to coverthemselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link betweenemployment and insurance.
36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
A.The prospect of a thriving job market. B. The increase of voluntary part-timejobs.
C.The possibility of full employment. D. The acceleration of job creation.
37.Many people work part-time because they____.
A.prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs B. feel that is enough to make endsmeet
C.cannot get their hands on full-time jobs D. haven’ t seen the weakness of themarket
38.Involuntary part-time employment in the US____.
A.is harder to acquire than one year ago B. shows a general tendency of decline
C.satisfies the real need of the jobless D. is lower than before the recession
39.It can be learned that with Obamacare, ____.
A.it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B.employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C.it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D.full-time employment is still essential for insurance
40.The text mainly discusses ____.
A.employment in the US B. part-timer classification
C.insurance through Medicaid D. Obamacare’s trouble
PartB
Directions:
Readthe following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitablesubheading from the list A—G for each numbered paragraph (41—45). There are twoextra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)
A.You are not alone
B.Don’t fear your responsibility for your life
C.pave your own unique path
D.Most of your fears are unreal
E.Think about the present moment
F.Experience helps you grow
G.There are many things to be grateful for
SomeOld Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately,life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences.Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romanticrelationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seemslike the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t lastforever.
Whenour time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understandingand respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventuallymove us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to sharethese old truths I’ve learned along the way.
41.____________________________________
Fearis both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us bysignaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people createinner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smithonce said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do notmisunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completelyagree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42.____________________________________
Ifyou are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try tofocus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxiousabout the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning thepresent with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the presentmoment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of theworld around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you.Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but amindset that can be designed into the present.
43.____________________________________
Sometimesit is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can beeasily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate thethings you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their lifeinstead of crying and complaining about something.
44.____________________________________
Nomatter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you shouldalways remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almosteveryone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good changein your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circleof friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you haveno friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, fullof people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45.____________________________________
Todaymany people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance bygaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinionand show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you arestruggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and besure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your ownthoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
SectionIII Translation
46.Directions:
Translatethe following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
Thinkabout driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, atrip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turnlike the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to loseconcentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than itactually has.
Thisis the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time ittakes to travel a familiar route.
Theeffect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down awell-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flowmore quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’tremember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So weassume it was shorter.
SectionIV Writing
PartA
47.Directions:
Supposeyour university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Writea notice to
1)briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2)call for volunteers.
Youshould write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Donot use your name or the name of your university.
Donot write your address.(10 points)
PartB
48.Directions:
Writean essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comment.
Youshould write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
SectionI Use of English
1.signal 2. much 3. plugged 4. message 5. behind
6.misinterpreted 7.judged 8.unfamiliar 9. anxious 10. turn
11.dangerous 12. hurt 13.conversation 14. passengers 15. predict
16.ride 17. went through 18. In fact 19. since 20. simple
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Text1
21.Doffered greater relaxation than the workplace
22.Bchildless husbands
23.Athey are both bread winners and housewives
24.Cearnings
25.Bdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
Text2
26.Cmissed its original purpose
27.Athe problem is solvable
28.Care in need of financial support
29.Dare inexperienced in handling issues at college
30.Dcolleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text3
31.Amore emotional
32.Csports culture
33.Dstrengthen employee loyalty
34.Avoices for working women
35.Ccompanies find it to be fundamental
Text4
36.Bthe increase of voluntary part-time jobs
37.Ccannot get their hands on full-time jobs
38.Bshows a general tendency of decline
39.Bemployment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
40.Aemployment in the US
PartB
41.DMost of your fears are unreal
42.EThink about the present moment
43.GThere are many things to be grateful for
44.Ayou are not alone
45.CPave your own unique path
SectionIII Translation
在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。无论如何，你会熟悉路上的每一个迂回曲折。在这类旅行中，我们很容易会分散注意力并且不太关注路边的风景。结果就是你误以为旅途比实际所用的时间要少。
这是美妙的旅程所产生的效果：人们往往会低估在熟悉的旅程中所用掉的时间。
我们分散注意力的方式会导致这种结果。当我们在知名的路途中行驶时，我们不必过于集中精力，时间似乎过得飞快。随后，当我们回想整个过程时，由于没有特别留神，会变得印象模糊。此时，我们似乎会觉得这段旅程会更短些。
PartA范文：
Notice
Asummer camp, which aims to renew high school students’ perception of collegeand make them prepared for the near future, will be held on July 21st by ouruniversity. Volunteers are needed to provide services for the participants.Listed below are the details about the camp activities and the qualificationsof the volunteers to be recruited.
Firstof all, as the main activity of the summer camp is to share the experience oflearning different subjects, those with strong learning abilities areespecially welcomed. Secondly, there will be some interesting contests tostimulate the mind as well as forge better relationships, such as an Englishspeech contest, thus, candidates must have a good command of English.Furthermore, those who have good communication skills and relevant experienceare preferred.
Ifyou are interested, please fill in the application form and send it toStudents’ Union@163.com.
Students’Union
PartB范文：
Isn’tit exciting that the Spring Festival is just around the corner? Well, sort of.But when it comes to the consumption during “the happy holiday”, you may bejust as surprised as I am. As the pie chart above clearly demonstrates, peoplein a Chinese city spend 40% of their expenditure on New Year presents, 20% ontraffic, 20% on parties and diners and 20% on others.
Whatthe chart intends to reveal, undoubtedly, is that we overspend on gifts, whichmay result from the following factors. Above all, it’s a Chinese tradition thatwe exchange gifts for good wishes and closer relationships, so many people arewilling to send their best regards with much more expensive presents. Moreover,with the development of the economy, people are much wealthier than before,which enables them to buy fancy gifts for their beloved ones. In addition,there are some people who take giving presents as a great opportunity to showothers their achievements or social status, which leads to comparison and thusincreases the consumption of New Year gifts.
Exchangingpresents with each other during the Spring Festival, from my perspective, is afine tradition we should carry on. However, it is advisable that we shouldfocus on the true meaning of gifts rather than their prices or forms.
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