Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choosethe best words for each numbered blank and markA, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）
Weighingyourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weightfluctuations.1_____, when done too often , this habit can sometimes hurt morethan it 2_____.
As for me, weighingmyself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy andphysically active to focusing 3____on the scale. That was bad to my overallfitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinkingonly of 4_____ the number on the scale, I altered my training program. Thatconflicted with how I needed to train to 5____ my goals.
I also found thatweighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6_____of the hard work andprogress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month tonotice any significant changes in your weight 7____ altering your training program. The most 8______changeswill be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these 9_____,Istopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10_____. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11______myweight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12_____ anysignificant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to13_____ my trainingprogram.
I use mybimonthly weigh-in 14_____to get information about my nutrition as well. If mytraining intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly15_____and droppingweight, this is a 16_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17_____ tostop weighing myself every day has done wonders formy overall health, fitnessand well-being. I am experiencing increased zealfor working out since I nolonger carry the burden of a18_____ morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving myspecific fitness goals, 19_____ I’m training according to those goals, not the numberson a scale.
Rather than 20_____overthe scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel,how your clothes fit and youroverall energy level.
1. [A]. Besides [B]. Therefore [C]. Otherwise [D]. However
2. [A]. helps [B]. cares [C]. warns [D]. reduces
3. [A]. initially[B]. solely [C]. occasionally [D]. formally
4.[A]. recording[B].lowering [C]. explaining [D]. accepting
5. [A]. modify [B]. set [C]. review [D]. reach
6. [A]. definition[B].depiction [C]. distribution [D]. prediction
7. [A]. due to[B].regardless of [C]. aside from [D]. along with
8. [A]. orderly[B].rigid [C]. precise [D].immediate
9. [A]. claims[B].judgments [C]. reasons [D]. methods
10. [A]. instead [B].though [C]. again [D]. indeed
11. [A]. report[B].track [C]. overlook [D]. conceal
12. [A]. depend on [B].approve of [C]. hold onto [D]. account for
13. [A]. prepare [B]. share [C]. adjust [D]. confirm
14. [A]. results[B].features [C]. rules [D]. tests
15. [A]. bored[B]. anxious [C]. hungry [D]. sick
16.[A]. principle[B].secret [C]. belief [D]. sign
17. [A]. request [B].necessity [C]. decision [D]. wish
18.[A]. disappointing [B].surprising [C].restricting [D]. consuming
19. [A]. if [B].because [C]. unless [D]. until
20.[A]. obsessing[B].dominating [C]. puzzling [D]. triumphing
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）
Text1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger,guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp ofsocial and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”;rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents andfriends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacketweighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been akind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt canserve,” says AmrishaVaish, a psychology researcher at the University ofVirginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition thatemotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may beharmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alertus to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about ourgoodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is akind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt maycompensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti andothers have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways tocooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for thatshortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Usingcaregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated eachchild’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negativeemotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathykids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feelguilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magicallybecome more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because wecaused harm and we feel regret.”
21.Researchersthink that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.
A. fostera child’s moral development
B. regulatea child's basic emotions
C. improvea child's intellectual ability
D. intensifya child's positive feelings
22.Accordingto paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.
A. inexcusable
B. deceptive
C. addictive
D. burdensome
23. Vaishholds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.
A. emotionsare context-independent
B. anemotion can play opposing roles
C. emotionsare socially constructive
D. emotionalstability can benefit health
24. Maltiand others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.
A. may bethe outcome of impulsive acts
B. mayhelp correct emotional deficiencies
C. canbring about emotional satisfaction
D. canresult from either sympathy or guilt
25. Theword “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.
A.teachings
B.wrongdoings
C.discussions
D.restrictions
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges inthe fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak upa good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilityto do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us withforests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involvesstriking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, infiguring out the details.
The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts tothin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarilylowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater shareof the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest'scapacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able tofend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in theevent of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands ofacres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state'semissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage thatcould benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital toprioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody materialremoved from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burnedas biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New researchon transportation biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, buttraditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities forrecreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests willhave to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to befinalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.
26. Bysaying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that____.
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. forests may become a potential threat
C. people may misunderstand global warming
D. extreme weather conditions may arise
27. Tomaintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to ____.
A. preserve the diversity of species in them
B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
C. accelerate the growth of young trees
D. strike a balance among different plants
28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _____.
A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires
B. cultivate more drought-resistant trees
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. reduce the density of some of its forests
29. Whatis essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5____?
A. To obtain enough financial support
B. To carry it out before the year of 2020
C. To handle the areas in serious danger first
D. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions
30. Theauthor’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as ____.
A. supportive
B. ambiguous
C. tolerant
D. cautious
Text3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages forseveral years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul ofimmigration rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforwardvisa for agriculturalworkers that would let foreign workers stay longer in theU.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn't change, Americanbusinesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. Asfewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agriculturalworkforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly bornin Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likelyto be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than halfare. And picking crops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for thislabor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S.workers won't be returning to the farm.
Mechanization isn’t the answer, either----not yet, at least.Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largelymechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries,need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have along way to go before they’re automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporaryguest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Startingaround 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the numberof visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa fornonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employerscomplain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process iscumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delaysled the average H-2A workers to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage iscompounded by federalimmigration raids, which remove some workers and driveothers underground.
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some westernfarmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decadelater, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workerswho pick it.
31. Whatproblem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture
B. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
D. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers
32. Onetrouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_____.
A. the aging of immigrant farm workers
B. the rising number of illegal immigrants
C. the high mobility of crop workers
D. the lack of experienced laborers
33. Whatis the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?
A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
C. To get native U.S. workers back to farming
D. To use more robots to grow high-value crops
34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its_____.
A. control of annual admissions
B. slow granting procedures
C. limit on duration of stay
D. tightened requirements
35. Whichof the following could be the best title for this text?
A. Manpower VS. Automation?
B. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
C. Import Food or Labor?
D. America Saved by Mexico?
Text 4
ArnoldSchwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easyto beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new videofor World Environment Day--encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-useplastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.
Thekey messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include acall for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But theoverarching message is directed at individuals.
Myconcern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense ofwhat needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocerystore or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little andrequire very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have"done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, moreeffective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that eases ourconcerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
Whilethe conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward itremains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance ofpower that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably,rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries toaccount to push for real systemic change.
It’simportant to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or evenmost people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why CouldPeople Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the bestway to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for thechange to be structural.
Thismight mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost toenvironmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will“eliminate all single-use plastic in thecountry by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making betterenvironmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy astrash disposal.
DeSombreisn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just thatindividual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or evenprimary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
Noneof this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting thingsinto perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies thatshape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
36. Somecelebrities star in a new video to_____.
A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
B. demand new laws on the use of plastics
C. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
D. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
37. Theauthor is concerned that “moral licensing” may_____..
A. suppress our desire for success
B. mislead us into doing worthless things
C. prevent us from making further efforts
D. weaken our sense of accomplishment
38. Bypointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates that_____.
A. We should press our government to lead the combat
B. we have been actively exercising our civil rights
C. our relationship with local industries is improving
D. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
39. DeSombreargues that the best way for a collective change should be_____.
A. a top-down process
B. a win-win arrangement
C. a self-driven mechanism
D. a cost-effective approach
40.Theauthor concludes that individual efforts______.
A. can be too aggressive
B. can be too inconsistent
C. are far from rational
D. are far from sufficient
Part B
Directions:
Read thefollowing text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to itscorresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices inthe right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.（10 points）
Howseriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?
In choosinga new home, Camille McClain’s kids have asingle demand: a backyard.
McClain'slittle ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing,and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estatedecisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2, 000 U. S.adults.
Whilemore families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the darkabout real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed viewsabout the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.
Theidea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it canhelp them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelmingprocess, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
“Childrenmay face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially ifit removes them from their current school or support system, "he said.
GregJaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’snot convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home-but theiropinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and socialactivities, if possible.
Youngerchildren should feel like they’re choosing their home-without actually gettinga choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.
Askingthem questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential homewillmake them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.
Manyof the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said TraceyHampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing toomuch emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
“Speakingwith your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but Iwouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,” Hampson said.
Theother issue is that many children -----especially older ones-may base theirreal estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group inRiverside, Calif.
"Theylove Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us, " he said" HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's notshelter, it's a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious moneyconsequences.”
Kidstend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to thempersonally, Norris said.
Parentsneed to remind their children that their needs and desires may change overtime, said Julie Gurner,, a real estate analyst with FitSmaillBusiness.com.
“Theiropinions can change tomorrow, " Garner said. “ Harsh as it may be to say,that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’sopinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home canmeet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit andmake it their own.”
Thisadvice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want toembrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
A. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children. | |
41. Ryan Hopper | B. says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions. |
42. Adam Bailey | C. advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions. |
43. Tracey Hampson | D.thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions. |
44. Aaron Norris | E. notes that aspects like children’s friends and social activities shou`ld be considered upon homebuying. |
45. Julie Garner | F.believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions. |
G. assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media. |
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
In this section, there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）
It is easy to underestimate English writer JamesHerriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think thatanyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could writea book, I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. JamesHerriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early daysof, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had anabundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the worldwas the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like themajority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections alongthe way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything heachieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary fieldwas no exception.
Section IV Writing
PartA
47. Directions:
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debateon the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to
(1) suggesta specific topic with your reasons, and
(2) tellhim about your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not signyour own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address.（10 points）
PartB
48. Directions:
Writean essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
(1) interpretthe chart, and
(2) giveyour comments.
You shouldwrite about 150 words on the ANSWERSHEET.（15points）
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二参考答案
1-5 DABBD
6-10 BADCA
11-15 BDCAC
16-20 DCABA
21-25 ADBDB
26-30 BBDCA
31-35 DACAC
36-40 CCAAD
41-45 ADCGF
46．参考译文
我们很容易低估英国作家吉米•哈利。他的作品秉承一种令人愉快的，易读的风格，以至于有人认为任何人都可以模仿。很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没有时间。”说来容易，做来难。与大家所想的相反，早年吉米•哈利发现写作并非易事，正如他所言“尝试写作游戏”。尽管很显然他极具写作天赋，但他呈现给世界的最终出版作品也是历经多年练习，重写与阅读的结果。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，他经历了多次的失望与拒绝，但这一切使他更坚定了获得成功的决心。他生命中获得的成就源于他的艰苦努力，他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然。
47.小作文
Dear Prof. Smith,
It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainlyto put forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminaryarrangements concerned.
To begin with, the debate can be conductedwith the topic of “By Bus or By Bike” on the ground that a host of residents preferconvenient vehicles to reduce time cost under the background of increasinglyheavy city traffic. Therefore, the participants in this debate can take anactive part in it due to their real experience in daily life. Regarding thearrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium on our campusDec.28th, 2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation atthe Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be awardedto the winner of the debate.
It will be highly appreciated if you couldgive me an early reply or some comments on my plan.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
48.大作文
This bar chart depicts the changes ofcollege students’ different choices after graduation from 2013 to 2018.According to the data given above, the percentage of hunting for a job hasdecreased from 68.1% to 60.7% while the percentage of pursuing a further studyin postgraduate schools increased from 26.3% to 34.0%. By contrast, the changeof the percentage of starting a business is not obvious.
There are several possiblefactors which account for this phenomenon and the followings are the typical ones.On the one hand, due to the increasing emphasis on education, pursuing afurther study has become much more popular for college students. On the other,it is the stress from fierce employment competition that makes college studentsrealize the significance of enhancing their academic level and practicalskills, which explains the reason why the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased obviously.
From what has been mentionedabove, we can easily come to the conclusion that this established trend isacceptable. And it is wise for postgraduate students to broaden their horizonsand to improve their practical skills during postgraduate study. Only in thisway, can they be qualified for the future position.
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